Notations<\/p>\n
WinMain()<\/p>\n
\nint WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance,
\nHINSTANCE hPreInstance, \/\/ Always NULL
\nLPSTR lpCmdLine,
\nint nCmdShow \/\/ e.g. SW_SHOWNORMAL, SW_SHOWHIDE );
\n<\/code><\/li>\n- WINAPI specifier\u00a0\n
\n- Required by Windows<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Need to include window.h<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Create a simple Window<\/p>\n
\n- Specifying a program window with WNDCLASS struct (or WNDCLASSEX)
\nstruct WNDCLASS{
\nUINT style; \/\/ Window style
\nWNDPROC lpfnWndProc; \/\/ Pointer to message processing fxn
\nint cbClsExtra; \/\/ Extra byte after window class
\nint cbWndExtra; \/\/ Extra byte after win instance
\nHINSTANCE hInstance; \/\/ App handle
\nHICON hIcon; \/\/ App icon when minimized
\nHCURSOR hCursor; \/\/ Win cursor
\nHBRUSH hbrBackground; \/\/ Background color
\nLPCTSTR lpszMenuName; \/\/ Pointer to menu resource name. 0 if none
\nLPCTSTR lpszClassName; \/\/ Pointer to class name
\n};
\n<\/code><\/li>\n- Register WNDCLASS
\nRegisterClass(&WinClass);
\n\/\/ Or RegisterClassEx(&WindClassEx); <\/code><\/li>\n- Create window with CreateWindow():
\nHWND hWnd; \/\/ Window handle...hWnd = CreateWindow(
\nszAppName, \/\/ the window class name
\n\"A Basic Window the Hard Way\", \/\/ The window title
\nWS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, \/\/ Window style as overlapped
\nCW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ Default screen position of upper left
\nCW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ corner of our window as x,y...
\nCW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ Default window size, width...
\nCW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ ...and height
\n0, \/\/ No parent window
\n0, \/\/ No menu
\nhInstance, \/\/ Program Instance handle
\n0 \/\/ No window creation data
\n);<\/code><\/li>\n- Show window:
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);<\/code><\/li>\n- Update window:
UpdateWindow(hWnd);<\/code><\/li>\n- Handle messages
\nMSG msg; \/\/ Windows message structure
\nwhile(GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0) == TRUE) \/\/ Get any messages
\n{
\nTranslateMessage(&msg); \/\/ Translate the message
\nDispatchMessage(&msg); \/\/ Dispatch the message to WindowProc()
\n}<\/code><\/li>\n- Message processing function:
\nlong CALLBACK WindowProc(
\nHWND hWnd, \/\/ Window handle where message originated fromUINT msg, \/\/ message id
\nWPARAM wParam, \/\/ 32 bit value with addtional info
\nLPARAM lParam \/\/ another 32 bit value
\n);
\n<\/code><\/p>\n\n- Decoding windows message
\nswitch(message)
\n{
\ncase WM_PAINT:
\n\/\/ Code to deal with drawing the client area
\nbreak;case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
\n\/\/ Code to deal with the left mouse button being pressed
\nbreak;
\ncase WM_LBUTTONUP:
\n\/\/ Code to deal with the left mouse button being released
\nbreak;
\ncase WM_DESTROY:
\n\/\/ Code to deal with a window being destroyed
\nbreak;
\ndefault:
\n\/\/ Code to handle any other messages
\n}<\/code><\/p>\n\n- Default message processing\u00a0
\ndefault:
\n\u00a0 return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); <\/code><\/li>\n- End program
case WM_DESTROY: \/\/ Window is being destroyed<\/code>\u00a0 PostQuitMessage(0);\u00a0 return 0; <\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nExample:
\n<\/code>\/\/ OFWIN.CPP Native windows program to display text in a window
\n#include <\/windows.h><\/code>long CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);<\/code>\/\/ Listing OFWIN_1
\nint WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
\n\u00a0 LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
\n{
\n\u00a0 WNDCLASS WindowClass; \/\/ Structure to hold our window's attributes<\/code>static char szAppName[] = \"OFWin\"; \/\/ Define window class name
\n\u00a0 HWND hWnd; \/\/ Window handle
\n\u00a0 MSG msg; \/\/ Windows message structure<\/code>\/\/ Redraw the window if the size changes
\n\u00a0 WindowClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;<\/code>\/\/ Define our procedure for message handling
\n\u00a0 WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;<\/code>WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0; \/\/ No extra bytes after the window class
\n\u00a0 WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0; \/\/ structure or the window instance<\/code>WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance; \/\/ Application instance handle<\/p>\n\/\/ Set default application icon
\n\u00a0 WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);<\/p>\n
\/\/ Set window cursor to be the standard arrow
\n\u00a0 WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);<\/p>\n
\/\/ Set gray brush for background color
\n\u00a0 WindowClass.hbrBackground = static_cast<\/hbrush>(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));<\/p>\nWindowClass.lpszMenuName = 0; \/\/ No menu, so no menu resource name<\/p>\n
WindowClass.lpszClassName = szAppName; \/\/ Set class name<\/p>\n
\/\/ Now register our window class
\n\u00a0 RegisterClass(&WindowClass);<\/p>\n
\/\/ Now we can create the window
\n\u00a0 hWnd = CreateWindow(
\n\u00a0 szAppName, \/\/ the window class name
\n\u00a0 \"A Basic Window the Hard Way\", \/\/ The window title
\n\u00a0 WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, \/\/ Window style as overlapped
\n\u00a0 CW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ Default screen position of upper left
\n\u00a0 CW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ corner of our window as x,y...
\n\u00a0 CW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ Default window size
\n\u00a0 CW_USEDEFAULT, \/\/ ....
\n\u00a0 0, \/\/ No parent window
\n\u00a0 0, \/\/ No menu
\n\u00a0 hInstance, \/\/ Program Instance handle
\n\u00a0 0 \/\/ No window creation data
\n\u00a0 );<\/p>\n
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow); \/\/ Display the window
\n\u00a0 UpdateWindow(hWnd); \/\/ Cause window client area to be drawn<\/p>\n
\/\/ The message loop
\n\u00a0 while(GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0) == TRUE) \/\/ Get any messages
\n\u00a0 {
\n\u00a0 TranslateMessage(&msg); \/\/ Translate the message
\n\u00a0 DispatchMessage(&msg); \/\/ Dispatch the message
\n\u00a0 }<\/p>\n
return msg.wParam; \/\/ End, so return to Windows
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Listing OFWIN_2
\nlong CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,
\n\u00a0 LPARAM lParam)
\n{
\n\u00a0 HDC hDC; \/\/ Display context handle
\n\u00a0 PAINTSTRUCT PaintSt; \/\/ Structure defining area to be drawn
\n\u00a0 RECT aRect; \/\/ A working rectangle<\/p>\n
switch(message) \/\/ Process selected messages
\n\u00a0 {
\n\u00a0 case WM_PAINT: \/\/ Message is to redraw the window
\n\u00a0 hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &PaintSt);\/\/ Prepare to draw the window<\/p>\n
\/\/ Get upper left and lower right of client area
\n\u00a0 GetClientRect(hWnd, &aRect);<\/p>\n
SetBkMode(hDC, TRANSPARENT); \/\/ Set text background mode<\/p>\n
\/\/ Now draw the text in the window client area
\n\u00a0 DrawText(
\n\u00a0 hDC, \/\/ Device context handle
\n\u00a0 \"But, soft! What light through yonder window breaks?\",
\n\u00a0 -1, \/\/ Indicate null terminated string
\n\u00a0 &aRect, \/\/ Rectangle in which text is to be drawn
\n\u00a0 DT_SINGLELINE| \/\/ Text format - single line
\n\u00a0 DT_CENTER| \/\/ - centered in the line
\n\u00a0 DT_VCENTER); \/\/ - line centered in aRect<\/p>\n
EndPaint(hWnd, &PaintSt); \/\/ Terminate window redraw operation
\n\u00a0 return 0;
\n\u00a0 case WM_DESTROY: \/\/ Window is being destroyed
\n\u00a0 PostQuitMessage(0);
\n\u00a0 return 0;<\/p>\n
default: \/\/ Any other message - we don't
\n\u00a0 \/\/ want to know, so call
\n\u00a0 \/\/ default message processing
\n\u00a0 return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
\n\u00a0 }
\n}<\/p>\n
Notes and example from:
\nBeginning Visual C++ 6
\nby Ivor Horton<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Notations b: BOOL, int by: byte c:char dw:DWORD, unsigned long fn:function h:handle, int i:int l:long lp:long pointer n:int p:pointer s:string sz:a zero terminated string w:WORD, unsigned short WinMain() Function signature: int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPreInstance, \/\/ Always NULL … Continue reading